Tooth cracks can range from superficial enamel cracks to complete fractures extending through the crown and into the root. They typically result from biting hard objects, grinding/clenching, large old fillings that weaken tooth structure, or trauma. Symptoms include pain when chewing (especially upon release), sensitivity to temperature extremes, and intermittent pain that comes and goes. Prompt treatment is crucial as cracks can progress deeper, potentially exposing the pulp to bacterial infection or causing tooth segments to separate entirely. Diagnosis involves visual examination, sometimes using special dyes, magnification, or transillumination to highlight cracks, along with x-rays (though hairline cracks often don't appear on radiographs). Treatment depends on crack severity: minor cracks may need only bonding or a filling; moderate cracks typically require crowns to prevent crack propagation; cracks extending into the pulp need root canal therapy before crown placement; and severely cracked teeth may require extraction. Mexican dental clinics offer these treatments at 50-70% lower costs than US practices while maintaining international standards.

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